{"effets": {"depuis": "2026-07-27", "candidats": ["Marine Le Pen", "Jean-Luc Mélenchon", "Édouard Philippe", "Raphaël Glucksmann", "Gabriel Attal", "Bruno Retailleau"], "instituts": [{"institut": "Cluster17", "n": 5, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": -3.11, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 2.39, "Édouard Philippe": 0.94, "Raphaël Glucksmann": -0.24, "Gabriel Attal": null, "Bruno Retailleau": -0.03}}, {"institut": "Elabe", "n": 8, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": -1.05, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -1.69, "Édouard Philippe": -0.0, "Raphaël Glucksmann": 2.14, "Gabriel Attal": -1.32, "Bruno Retailleau": 0.15}}, {"institut": "Harris Interactive", "n": 18, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": 0.77, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 1.24, "Édouard Philippe": -0.7, "Raphaël Glucksmann": -1.91, "Gabriel Attal": -0.13, "Bruno Retailleau": -0.16}}, {"institut": "Ifop", "n": 21, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": -0.38, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 0.21, "Édouard Philippe": 1.44, "Raphaël Glucksmann": 0.82, "Gabriel Attal": 0.9, "Bruno Retailleau": -0.65}}, {"institut": "Ipsos", "n": 11, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": -0.43, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.42, "Édouard Philippe": -0.37, "Raphaël Glucksmann": 0.86, "Gabriel Attal": -0.92, "Bruno Retailleau": 0.33}}, {"institut": "OpinionWay", "n": 12, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": 0.52, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.71, "Édouard Philippe": 0.53, "Raphaël Glucksmann": 0.56, "Gabriel Attal": -0.11, "Bruno Retailleau": 0.95}}, {"institut": "YouGov", "n": 7, "ecarts": {"Marine Le Pen": 1.14, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -1.04, "Édouard Philippe": -3.47, "Raphaël Glucksmann": -0.95, "Gabriel Attal": 0.51, "Bruno Retailleau": -0.24}}]}, "precision": {"2007": {"principaux": ["Nicolas Sarkozy", "Ségolène Royal", "François Bayrou", "Jean-Marie Le Pen"], "instituts": {"BVA": {"fin": "2007-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 2.33, "ecarts": {"Nicolas Sarkozy": -2.2, "Ségolène Royal": -0.9, "François Bayrou": -3.6, "Jean-Marie Le Pen": 2.6}}, "CSA": {"fin": "2007-04-14", "erreur_moyenne": 3.77, "ecarts": {"Nicolas Sarkozy": -5.2, "Ségolène Royal": -2.9, "François Bayrou": 2.4, "Jean-Marie Le Pen": 4.6}}, "Ipsos": {"fin": "2007-04-20", "erreur_moyenne": 1.82, "ecarts": {"Nicolas Sarkozy": -1.2, "Ségolène Royal": -2.9, "François Bayrou": -0.6, "Jean-Marie Le Pen": 2.6}}, "Ifop": {"fin": "2007-04-18", "erreur_moyenne": 2.15, "ecarts": {"Nicolas Sarkozy": -2.6, "Ségolène Royal": -2.9, "François Bayrou": 0.8, "Jean-Marie Le Pen": 2.3}}, "LH2": {"fin": "2007-04-16", "erreur_moyenne": 2.77, "ecarts": {"Nicolas Sarkozy": -4.2, "Ségolène Royal": -2.9, "François Bayrou": 0.4, "Jean-Marie Le Pen": 3.6}}}}, "2012": {"principaux": ["François Hollande", "Nicolas Sarkozy", "Marine Le Pen", "Jean-Luc Mélenchon", "François Bayrou"], "instituts": {"BVA": {"fin": "2012-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 1.96, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": 1.4, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -0.7, "Marine Le Pen": -3.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 2.9, "François Bayrou": 0.9}}, "Verian (ex-Kantar Sofres)": {"fin": "2012-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 1.1, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": -1.6, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -0.2, "Marine Le Pen": -0.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 1.9, "François Bayrou": 0.9}}, "OpinionWay": {"fin": "2012-04-17", "erreur_moyenne": 1.22, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": -1.1, "Nicolas Sarkozy": 0.3, "Marine Le Pen": -1.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 1.9, "François Bayrou": 0.9}}, "LH2": {"fin": "2012-04-18", "erreur_moyenne": 1.9, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": -1.6, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -0.7, "Marine Le Pen": -2.4, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 3.9, "François Bayrou": 0.9}}, "CSA": {"fin": "2012-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 1.9, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": -0.6, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -2.2, "Marine Le Pen": -1.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 3.4, "François Bayrou": 1.4}}, "Ipsos": {"fin": "2012-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 1.56, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": 0.4, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -1.7, "Marine Le Pen": -1.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 2.9, "François Bayrou": 0.9}}, "Ifop": {"fin": "2012-04-17", "erreur_moyenne": 1.4, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": -0.6, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -0.2, "Marine Le Pen": -2.4, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 3.4, "François Bayrou": 0.4}}, "Harris Interactive": {"fin": "2012-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 1.3, "ecarts": {"François Hollande": -1.1, "Nicolas Sarkozy": -0.7, "Marine Le Pen": -1.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 0.9, "François Bayrou": 1.9}}}}, "2017": {"principaux": ["Emmanuel Macron", "Marine Le Pen", "François Fillon", "Jean-Luc Mélenchon", "Benoît Hamon"], "instituts": {"Harris Interactive": {"fin": "2017-04-19", "erreur_moyenne": 0.88, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": 1.0, "Marine Le Pen": 0.7, "François Fillon": -1.0, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.6, "Benoît Hamon": 1.1}}, "Ipsos": {"fin": "2017-04-20", "erreur_moyenne": 0.68, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.0, "Marine Le Pen": 0.7, "François Fillon": -1.0, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.6, "Benoît Hamon": 1.1}}, "Odoxa": {"fin": "2017-04-21", "erreur_moyenne": 0.98, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": 0.5, "Marine Le Pen": 1.7, "François Fillon": -1.0, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.6, "Benoît Hamon": 1.1}}, "Ifop": {"fin": "2017-04-21", "erreur_moyenne": 0.78, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": 0.5, "Marine Le Pen": 1.2, "François Fillon": -0.5, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -1.1, "Benoît Hamon": 0.6}}, "BVA": {"fin": "2017-04-21", "erreur_moyenne": 1.08, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.0, "Marine Le Pen": 1.7, "François Fillon": -1.0, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.1, "Benoît Hamon": 1.6}}, "Scan Research": {"fin": "2017-04-15", "erreur_moyenne": 1.34, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.0, "Marine Le Pen": 0.2, "François Fillon": -2.5, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": 2.4, "Benoît Hamon": 1.6}}, "OpinionWay": {"fin": "2017-04-21", "erreur_moyenne": 1.18, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.0, "Marine Le Pen": 0.7, "François Fillon": 1.0, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -1.6, "Benoît Hamon": 1.6}}, "Verian (ex-Kantar Sofres)": {"fin": "2017-04-17", "erreur_moyenne": 1.28, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.0, "Marine Le Pen": 1.7, "François Fillon": -1.5, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -1.6, "Benoît Hamon": 1.6}}, "Elabe": {"fin": "2017-04-20", "erreur_moyenne": 0.18, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.0, "Marine Le Pen": 0.2, "François Fillon": -0.0, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -0.1, "Benoît Hamon": 0.6}}}}, "2022": {"principaux": ["Emmanuel Macron", "Marine Le Pen", "Jean-Luc Mélenchon", "Éric Zemmour"], "instituts": {"Ifop": {"fin": "2022-04-08", "erreur_moyenne": 2.4, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.9, "Marine Le Pen": 0.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -4.9, "Éric Zemmour": 1.9}}, "OpinionWay": {"fin": "2022-04-08", "erreur_moyenne": 2.45, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.9, "Marine Le Pen": -1.1, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -4.9, "Éric Zemmour": 1.9}}, "Ipsos": {"fin": "2022-04-08", "erreur_moyenne": 2.2, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.4, "Marine Le Pen": -0.1, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -5.4, "Éric Zemmour": 1.9}}, "Cluster17": {"fin": "2022-04-08", "erreur_moyenne": 2.58, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.9, "Marine Le Pen": -2.1, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -3.9, "Éric Zemmour": 2.4}}, "BVA": {"fin": "2022-04-07", "erreur_moyenne": 2.2, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.9, "Marine Le Pen": -0.1, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -4.4, "Éric Zemmour": 2.4}}, "YouGov": {"fin": "2022-03-31", "erreur_moyenne": 2.88, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.6, "Marine Le Pen": 2.1, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -6.8, "Éric Zemmour": 2.0}}, "Elabe": {"fin": "2022-04-08", "erreur_moyenne": 2.4, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -1.9, "Marine Le Pen": 1.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -4.4, "Éric Zemmour": 1.4}}, "Harris Interactive": {"fin": "2022-04-08", "erreur_moyenne": 1.77, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.9, "Marine Le Pen": 0.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -3.9, "Éric Zemmour": 1.4}}, "Verian (ex-Kantar Sofres)": {"fin": "2022-04-05", "erreur_moyenne": 3.2, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -2.9, "Marine Le Pen": -0.1, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -5.9, "Éric Zemmour": 3.9}}, "Odoxa": {"fin": "2022-04-06", "erreur_moyenne": 1.95, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": 0.1, "Marine Le Pen": 0.9, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -5.9, "Éric Zemmour": 0.9}}, "Atlasintel": {"fin": "2022-04-06", "erreur_moyenne": 2.5, "ecarts": {"Emmanuel Macron": -0.0, "Marine Le Pen": -1.8, "Jean-Luc Mélenchon": -3.3, "Éric Zemmour": 4.9}}}}}}